Maxime's life & work

 
資料來源: http://www.npo.org.tw/PhilNews/show_news.asp?NEWSID=8663

經濟衰退是非營利組織的危機?

2008/8/28‧Caroline Gallagher/ 譯者：吳娉婷

美國近年來所面臨的經濟困境，讓人們不去想或擔心，幾乎是不可能的。儘管總統候選人在競選演說中不斷提出當選之後扭轉經濟的種種措施，然而，重大且長時間經濟衰退的可能性，已引起跨產業間的恐慌感，非營利部門也不能倖免。但是，這樣的恐慌是必要的嗎？

資料來源: http://www.digitalwall.com/scripts/display.asp?UID=397

數位文化	M 型化的未來（四）富人窮人大不同：思維

圖文／數位之牆

本文發表於2007/11/04 - 被閱讀 22429 次 被轉寄 46 次

為何升官是他不是我？想當基層小主管先過5關
更新日期:2008-08-04 記者:撰文◎張志誠 攝影◎張志誠
平常工作自認為還算盡心，為何總是與升遷擦身而過？你必須瞭解企業的考評標準與思考邏輯，抓對升官的關鍵點，才不會把力氣用錯方向。從前常有人抱怨，主管每天喝茶看報、坐領高薪。現在時代變了，「做久了位子就是你的」不再是天經地義，想升遷先看績效考評再說。這對上班族反而是一件好事，因為打破了年資的玻璃天花板，每個人的升遷機會都是均等。

升官關鍵1：公司未來佈局

 

然而，職位想往上爬，光是把自身工作做好已經不夠。微星科技人資協理簡文哲說，企業在員工升遷的考量上，除了看KSA（Knowledge知識、Skill技能、Attitude態度）外，更希望主管是能開創未來競爭力與新市場的人才。
因此，員工除了埋頭做好本份工作，也要多透過公司與員工溝通的各種管道，像是員工會議、公告、年度財報等，去留意公司未來佈局是什麼，而在這種發展藍圖下，又需要何種技能與人才？
例如，公司在內部會議中宣布，未來3年要進軍國際市場，顯然具備英語能力的人員，今後必將是公司重用的人才。如果以為公司規模龐大，外派機會怎樣也輪不到自己，而不預做準備，升遷機會鐵定輪不到你。

升官關鍵2：工作品質

 

在挑選基層小主管時，「專業表現」、「工作態度」和「團隊精神」，是企業評核的核心重點。
在職場工作頭幾年，都是在學習如何做一個執行者。主管觀察你的專業表現，看的是你能否恪遵工作守則，將交辦事項做到一定的品質，也就是所謂的基本功，畢竟這是菜鳥上班族的主要考核內容。
以量販業為例，大潤發人資資深經理陳淑莉指出，一家量販店的商品數量驚人，不論是商品管理、陳列、賣場維護、收銀客服，每一個環節只要稍有馬虎，就會出現商品陳列及標示錯誤、賣場不夠整潔、結帳出錯等傷害賣場形象的問題，因此量販業對基層同仁的年度考核項目，都有非常明確的工作要求。
例如商品損耗管理、商品知識、賣場清潔，到個人出缺勤紀錄，都是賣場同仁的共同考核項目；而客服部門同仁的結帳出錯率與現金差異必須低於規定；生鮮課同仁則從貨價卡正確度，到商品不落地、地上不能有積水（容易造成意外傷害），甚至到冰箱溫度不能超過幾度等，也都有詳細規定。另外，總公司還會不定期派出「祕密客」，考驗賣場同仁的應變能力與服務水準。

 

升官關鍵3：勇於任事

 

另一方面，「工作態度的考核雖然看似抽象，但行為卻很具體。」陳淑莉說，職場上需要什麼樣的態度，其實都還蠻一致的，像是積極正面、負責任、專業與敬業熱忱、責任感、誠信等，走到哪裡都一樣。
主管在交代工作時，從員工的反應，不難看出這個人的工作態度。多數人會把上級臨時交辦的任務視為天外飛來橫禍，隨便交差應付了事，不過也有人很認真當一回事，還會向主管回饋自己的建議，這樣的表現主管看在眼裡，久而久之，以後每當有新的工作，自然會先想到他們，給他們更多磨練與觀察。這些勇於任事的員工，將有機會逐漸跳脫執行面，開始接觸規劃面的工作。
如果員工的自我期待高、專業表現突出，又有很好的團隊精神，樂於幫助同仁一起完成工作，也願意隨著公司的發展轉換職務的話，要升遷絕不是難事。「大潤發曾有人只花1年半，就從課長升為經理人！」陳淑莉說。

升官關鍵4：自我管理紀律

 

PChome Online行銷總監曾薰儀指出，六、七年級生常以創意自豪，但從她的經驗來看，其實「工作態度」與「執行紀律」的重要性遠在創意之上，光有創意沒有執行力，這樣的人升上主管位子一定會有問題。創意雖然能建立個人在組織中的聲望，但最後主管還是會以執行力與自我管理作為升遷的依據。
她舉例，如果有兩個員工，A的創意表現與工作爆發力很強，但經常遲到或請假；B的創意只有中上水準，但生活規律、從不遲到，主管交辦的工作都能準時完成。如果遇到需要競標比稿的案子，主管可能會交給A，希望借重他的創意與爆發力拿到案子。但如果是要拔擢其中一人當部門主管，那就另當別論了，主管極有可能會拔擢B而不是A。
「A連自己生活都管理不好，如何能管理整個部門的日常運作？」曾薰儀說，就算企劃案寫得再漂亮，如果每次都遲交，主管不可能把一個部門的經營重責交給這樣的人。
曾薰儀補充說，PChome Online在升遷考評時，如果當事人前一年有曠職的紀錄，「人資部門是有權力直接打回票的！」

 

升官關鍵5：職能升級

 

很多上班族以為只要把現有工作做好即可，卻沒有想到以企業的角度來看，員工的工作表現一定要「超出」現有的職務要求，才有能力接受下一個更高層級職務的挑戰。
「如果你只有做好現有職位的職能，怎麼會有條件做下一個工作呢？」甲骨文人資協理彭雪紅說，甲骨文獨特的「職務準備評核系統」（JRS，Job Readiness Assessment）中，每個工作職務都有明確量化的職能要求，而每個職能由高而低又分成5個等級，例如有的管理職位，要求溝通職能必須達到「專家等級」，而另一個職位可能對溝通職能的要求只要「中等等級」即可，每個職位都會有各種不同職能的組合，當有職位空缺與升遷名單出現時，主管就會將名單資料輸入系統，系統會根據候選人過去表現的紀錄加以評比，達到積分就有機會升到下一個更高的職位，達不到積分者則需要再觀察，甚至不建議升遷。
「就像前陣子的競選廣告『我準備好了！』一樣，」彭雪紅笑著說，員工自己也有責任要追求自我學習成長，隨時評量自己的職能是否已準備好接受下一個職位的挑戰。

具備超過現有職位的能力

 

愛比科技人資資深經理唐美雯指出，不像四、五年級生那麼循序漸進，現在進入職場的六、七年級生，在升遷上比較急功近利，投入多少就希望得到同等回報。唐美雯認為，與其滿腦子想著升官加薪，不如關心在現有崗位上，自己的職能是否已超過工作需求，要從工作中發現自己的不足，為將來做更充裕的準備。
另外，企業組織在全球化過程會隨著快速改變，甚至工作地點也會隨之調整，如果心態不能調整，只想做自己熟悉的工作，企業也會覺得這樣的員工很難搞。
唐美雯也建議，應該先問自己適合管理職還是專業職？而不是一心只想當主管。如果對「管理職」有興趣，除了加強管理職能外，也要多瞭解跨部門的運作；如果想朝「專業職」發展，就要更深入鑽研技術，成為專家中的專家。
當你具備了超過現有職位的能力時，不用汲汲追求，升遷機會自然來敲門！

沒錢，問題在習慣！

空檔年 一個漂亮的人生頓號 作者：陳雅慧 　出處：天下雜誌 384期 2007/11

http://wwws.tw.warnerbros.com/11thhour/

南美12國夢醒 成立本地區聯盟 更新日期:2008/06/30 04:16    

 resource from: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24794639/page/2/

Karen Crehel recently bought a new car for her daughter Kiersten’s 16th birthday and wound up shocked — in a good way.

“She had already gone on the Internet and learned about what she wanted. She had really done her homework,” says Crehel, who purchased a 2009 Chevrolet Cobalt for her daughter.

Crehel, a resident of the Kansas City suburb of Olathe, Kan., was initially apprehensive about the Cobalt her daughter chose and wanted to shop around a little more.

But Kiersten knew exactly what she wanted and was ready to argue her case. “She told us the safety ratings and the gas mileage, she was really pushing for the Cobalt and knew all about the car,” Crehel says. She also saved up for a down payment while working at a local telecommunications company.

 

 

“We told her we would match whatever she had saved. Little did we know she would save $4,000,” Crehel says. The money Kiersten had socked away while working for a local telecommunications company, combined with Crehel’s matching funds, amounted to more than half of the Cobalt’s retail price of around $15,000.

Parents who plan to buy a car for their teen, perhaps as a graduation gift for one of the 3.2 million kids the College Board says will finish high school this spring, should take note: Today’s teens possess an unprecedented level of automotive knowledge. They are surprisingly savvy when it comes to automotive matters and are well positioned to make smart choices about what kinds of vehicles best suit their needs and values — rather than their desires.

“What I find great about teens is that the current generation is very reasonable,” says Chris Moujaes, president of Moujaes, a marketing firm based in Austin, Texas. “They look at the options they have and the current economic conditions and figure out what’s right for them as a young person starting out in the adult world.”

But teens still need help in buying their first car.

Parents can play an important role in helping to close a fair deal at the dealership, making sure the vehicle has the right mix of safety features, and helping kids realize that a car’s total expense isn’t limited to its sticker price, features and fuel consumption.

But the days when parents simply give a car of their choosing to their teenagers — the way many parents might have received their own first set of wheels — are gone. The Web-savvy generation of youth raised on MySpace, blogs and online forums is often very passionate about specific brands, models and features.

“This demographic has to be given more credit,” Moujaes says. “They have lots of access to information that was never available before, and they know how to use it.”

 

Volkswagen The Volkswagen Beetle, an iconic car that experts say appeals to several generations, is No. 4 on a list ranking teen automotive preferences.

Issa Sawabini, a partner at Fuse, a Burlington, Vt.-based youth marketing agency specializing in 12- to 24-year-olds, says the Internet is the great enabler for teens’ vast automotive knowledge. Teens are avid readers of auto blogs, newsgroups, forums, online reviews and other online automotive editorial content.

 

“You can post on places like MySpace.com. If you’re a fan of Toyota or Volkswagen or Honda, you can share that,” Sawabini says. Bad experiences with cars and car dealers also get passed around online: “You can share that opinion with your peers in the Internet and read the opinions of others," he says.

Cars teens want most 
A recent survey on teen automotive preferences by TRU, a Northbrook, Ill.-based subsidiary of Research International USA, which specializes in the buying behavior of teens and 20-somethings, found that given the choice, teens buy cars that are, for the most part, reasonable for their age and needs.

Nine of the top cars on TRU’s list have starting prices below $20,000. Seven of the vehicles on the list have highway gas mileage at or near 30 miles per gallon, as estimated by the Environmental Protection Agency.

The percentages are low for the top 10 models — no car garnered more than 10 percent of survey respondents’ votes. But it’s worth noting that the teens who participated in the survey were not given a list of cars to choose from — they had to name their own personal preference unaided.

The Ford Mustang ranks at the top of the list, with 8.56 percent of respondents citing it as their car of choice. The Honda Civic and Honda Accord round out the top three, garnering 5.28 percent and 4.28 percent of survey respondents, respectively.

To give an idea of how pragmatic today’s teens are when it comes to choosing vehicles, the model with highest base price on the list is the $22,400 Chevrolet Impala.

It’s by no means an extravagant vehicle. On the contrary, the Impala sedan, tied for seventh place, and two of its direct competitors — the previously mentioned Honda Accord and the Toyota Camry — are about as staid as cars come.

"It's not surprising that they would pick these cars," says Mike Wood, a vice president at TRU. He attributes the popularity of some mid-sized sedans among youth to a recent focus on a level of utility not found in smaller cars.

But Wood anticipates that future versions of the survey will likely include more small cars, given the nation's increasing focus on fuel economy. "With so much more attention being paid to gas prices, we're starting to see more of a buzz around the idea of looking for smaller cars," he says.

The Ford Mustang ranks at the top of the list, with 8.56 percent of respondents citing it as their car of choice. The Honda Civic and Honda Accord round out the top three, garnering 5.28 percent and 4.28 percent of survey respondents, respectively.

To give an idea of how pragmatic today’s teens are when it comes to choosing vehicles, the model with highest base price on the list is the $22,400 Chevrolet Impala.

It’s by no means an extravagant vehicle. On the contrary, the Impala sedan, tied for seventh place, and two of its direct competitors — the previously mentioned Honda Accord and the Toyota Camry — are about as staid as cars come.

"It's not surprising that they would pick these cars," says Mike Wood, a vice president at TRU. He attributes the popularity of some mid-sized sedans among youth to a recent focus on a level of utility not found in smaller cars.

But Wood anticipates that future versions of the survey will likely include more small cars, given the nation's increasing focus on fuel economy. "With so much more attention being paid to gas prices, we're starting to see more of a buzz around the idea of looking for smaller cars," he says.

“The kids are pretty informed about a wide array of issues,” says Gretchen Jammiggeh, an executive for McCarthy Chevrolet in Olathe, Kan. “They know exactly what they’re looking for when they come in the door. And they can relate that to how issues like the current economy and the environment connect to automotive choices."

 

 

Jammiggeh says her dealership has sold about a dozen Chevrolet Aveos, Cobalts and other affordable, fuel-efficient models over the past month to parents buying cars for their teenagers, mostly as birthday or graduation gifts.

For the most part, kids accompany their parents to the dealership, and the purchase is a collaborative effort. Surprisingly, selecting a more “reasonable” car is often the kid’s idea. “They already know about which cars are good gas savers, which are reliable and which are in their price range,” Jammiggeh says.

In response to intrepid young car buyers, some automakers, including Toyota, now include interactive games and the ability to “customize” a potential new car on online.

“We try to make it a lot of fun on the Web site,” says Denise Morrissey, a spokesperson for Toyota in Torrance, Calif. “We allow users to do things like create their own crests for the car as part of the Corolla ‘dream estate.’”

Cars that offer connections for iPods or MP3 players, including the Chevy Impala and Jeep Wrangler on TRU’s list, are popular with teenagers. “Music is an extension of your personality, and for the teen generation it will be a necessity for their cars,” says Jessica Hoy, a senior associate at Westin Rinehart, a marketing consultant in Washington, D.C.

But it’s important to note that some popular features might not be safe in the hands of teenagers. As popular as iPods and MP3 players are, Moujaes says, it might not be the best idea to have them in a car driven by a teenager. “You want to be aware of cars that are overly convenient, where you can plug in your iPod and fiddle with that while you’re on the road,” he says.

Honda The Honda Accord is the third most popular car with teens TRU surveyed.

How parents can help
Today’s teens might be well informed on what cars best fit their needs, but they aren’t omniscient. For one thing, most young people don’t start managing their own finances in earnest until after college.

“A lot of the lessons that parents can teach come back around to money, responsibility and taking care of a car,” says Fuse’s Sawabini. “That’s one area where a teen’s knowledge of automotive matters doesn’t always translate into responsibility. You can walk into a customization shop, for example, and blow your savings. Parents have to make sure kids understand that.” Parents can help teens manage expectations around owning and maintaining their vehicle, too.

Negotiating a fair price is also an area where parents’ wisdom and experience are valuable. Most teens probably don’t have much practice negotiating, while many car salespeople have been at it since before teens were born. “Walking into a dealership and getting the best deal might not be in the teen’s abilities. So it’s helpful to be there to help them with that part of the process,” Sawabini says.

Other than the financial component, safety can be a concern that teens often overlook. “We would recommend checking the information that’s available on the Web sites about the crash worthiness of vehicles, whether there’s information about electronic stability controls, side airbags and how the cars rate in crash tests,” says Ann McCartt, senior vice president of research for the Insurance Insitute for Highway Safety in Arlington, Va.

Vehicles on TRU’s top 10 list have their share of safety equipment. The Jeep Wrangler, tied for eighth on the list, received a five-star crash rating from the government. The Chevy Impala includes a one-year subscription to OnStar, General Motors’ emergency communication system. And the Honda Accord features sophisticated stability control systems to prevent skidding.

Other than Jeep’s Wrangler, sport utility vehicles are conspicuously absent from TRU’s top 10 list — and that can be a good thing. Moujaes says it’s probably wise to avoid putting teens behind the wheel of large vehicles that can carry many occupants. “It’s dangerous to carry a bunch of kids,” he says.

Safety played a big role in Ron Farrell’s choice of a 2009 Cobalt for his 19-year-old son Andrew, who is starting college this fall at Cederville University near Dayton, Ohio.

“I didn’t want to put him in a vehicle that would break down out there,” says the elder Farrell, referring to the 11-hour trip on I-70 from Dayton to Kearny, Mo., where the Farrells live. “He has to make that trip four times next year, and I want to know that he’s as safe as possible.”

The car is a surprise gift, but Farrell says his son was still involved in determining what kind of car he ultimately would drive. “He was particularly interested in getting a four-door, believe it or not.”